Particle Simulator

N-body physics in 2D — Barnes-Hut gravity, quadtree collision pruning, emergent planetary formation

C++17 Barnes-Hut Quadtree GNUplot Physics Engine
View on GitHub →
Moon–planet impact simulation

Moon–planet impact — proof of concept, March 2026

Simulation Showcase

Planet Formation

Inner core forming

Inner Core

Outer core forming

Outer Core

Seeding & Hydrosphere

Grass seeding simulation

Grass Layer

Water layer simulation

Water Layer

Hydrogen Cloud

Hydrogen cloud collapse

H-Cloud Collapse

Celestial Mechanics

Large moon formation

Moon Formation

Orbital mechanics proof of concept

Orbital Proof of Concept

5000x vs. naïve O(n²)
1000+ Particles Simulated
<1% Energy Conservation

Technical Architecture

View implementation details

Core Components

  • Integrator: Velocity Verlet with inelastic collision response
  • Gravity: Barnes-Hut tree (θ = 0.9 threshold, O(n log n))
  • Collision Pruning: Quadtree spatial partitioning
  • Visualization: GNUplot with RGB temperature mapping
  • Data: CSV parameter input, frame-cache to prevent RAM overflow

Barnes-Hut Quadtree

Energy Conservation

Energy and time conservation chart

User Configuration

Scenario input parameters

Scenario Inputs

Object input parameters

Object Inputs

Simulation outputs

Outputs

Simulation logging output

Logging

Development Timeline

  1. September 2024

    Initial Proof of Concept

    Proof of concept September 2024
  2. September 2024

    Collision Refinement

    Collision refinement September 2024
  3. October 2024

    Barnes-Hut Integration

    Barnes-Hut integration October 2024
  4. January 2025

    Quadtree Pruning & Stability

    Quadtree pruning January 2025
  5. February 2026

    Scenario System & Planet Formation

    Scenario system February 2026

Future Development